- DOWNLOAD BUKU METODE PENELITIAN KUANTITATIF PDF HOW TO
- DOWNLOAD BUKU METODE PENELITIAN KUANTITATIF PDF PDF
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However, critical differs with interpretive in defining the construction processes. On the other hands, interpretive and critical perspectives assume that both two parties –organization and its public- have ability to construct meanings and negotiate each interest. Objective perspective views that the organization as a center of activities that influences the public’s behaviors during the adaptation and adjustment process. There are at least three perspectives about object of study, objective, interpretive and critical (Guba & Lincoln, 1994 Neuman, 2006 Wimmer & Dominick, 2006).
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Like other studies, there are differences about how to view the object of study. It can be said that the two propositions are the object of public relations study. These two propositions require the process of adaptation and adjustment between organization and public. 111) said: “almost all research on public relations is limited to descripstion.”Īs a science, public relations is built based on two basic propositions: (1) Public Relations as a management function (2) Public Relations is responsible to manage the relationship between an organization and its public (Everett, 1993). A few research in public relations was based on theories (Botan & Hazleton, 1989). As a result, Public Relations is “lack of theory” (Greenwood, 2010) or “theoretical lateness” (Johansson, 2007). However, as a scientific field, public relations is relatively new (Grunig & Hunt, 1984 Ihlen & van Ruler, 2009 Skerlep, 2001). As a social activity, public relations emerged at the same time with the growth of human life, when individuals had to build relationship to fulfill their needs.
Research is a tool to explain, apply and proof theories as well as to build new theories. Research has important role to develop public relations theories. The Need for Different Perspective in Public Relations School of Communication, Brawijaya University, Indonsia
Conducting critical ethnography: Toward a new method in public relations research in Indonesia 4 2.Suharsimi Arikunto, Suhardjo, and Supardi, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2008), p.58 23 changing the phenomenon under investigation.3 According to Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie, action research is a constantly evolving project with interplay among problem, effect or consequences and new solution.4 The definition of classroom research based on teaching, class is not room, but a group of students are learning. Action research is a piece of descriptive research carried out by a teacher in his or her own classroom, without the involvement of other, which is aimed at increasing our understanding rather than 1Jhon W Creswell, Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative And Mixed Methods Approaches Third Edition, (USA: Sage, 2009) p. Classroom action research is action research that is done to improve the quality of learning and focus in teaching learning process in the class.2 It means that the research is done by the researcher in order to improve the quality of the object in teaching learning process. The process of research involves emerging questions and procedures, data typically collected in the participant’s setting, data analysis inductively building from particulars to general themes, and the researcher making interpretation of the meaning of the data.1 This research uses classroom action research. Qualitative research is a mean for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or group ascribe to a social or human problem. Research Design The research design that used in this research is qualitative research.
Create a free.ĬHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A.
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